Updated PDF (New 2024) Actual Nokia 4A0-220 Exam Questions
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Nokia 4A0-220, also known as Nokia GMPLS-Controlled Optical Networks Exam, is a certification exam that aims to test individuals' knowledge and skills in deploying and managing optical networks using GMPLS technology. 4A0-220 exam is designed for professionals who are interested in pursuing a career in the telecommunications industry, particularly in optical networking.
NEW QUESTION # 21
Which provisioning steps arecommon in both CP to plain MP networks?
- A. Node creation
CPB provisioning process Link association CPB power balance - B. Node creation
CPB provisioning process Node synchronization NPA implementation - C. Node creation
CPB provisioning process Node synchronization CPB power balance - D. Node creation SRG creation Node synchronization CPB power balance
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
The provisioning steps that are common in both CP to plain MP networks are node creation, CPB provisioning process, node synchronization, and CPB power balance. These steps are required to create and commission the nodes, provision the cross-connect boards (CPBs), associate the links between the nodes, synchronize the network elements (NEs) with the NFM-T, and balance the power levels of the CPBs. References : Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia, Nokia Advanced Optical Network Management with NFM-T Course | Nokia
NEW QUESTION # 22
What category of protocols is used by the ingress router to set up a new LSP?
- A. Coloring protocols
- B. Link management protocols
- C. Signaling protocols
- D. Link aggregation protocols
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
Signaling protocols are protocols that are used by the ingress router to set up a new LSP in an MPLS network.
Signaling protocols are responsible for requesting, allocating, and releasing resources along the LSP, as well as establishing and maintaining the label bindings between the nodes. Some examples of signaling protocols are RSVP-TE, LDP, and CR-LDP34. References:
* 3: Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia
* 4: MPLS Configuration Guide for Cisco NCS 5500 Series Routers, IOS XR Release 7.1.x - Implementing MPLS Label Distribution Protocol [Cisco IOS XR Software (End-of-Sale)] - Cisco
NEW QUESTION # 23
What is a Label Switched Path (LSP)?
- A. A switched protection path
- B. A protocol used by nodes to exchange information about the state of labels
- C. A High Order Container for client signal
- D. The path created by MPLS nodes
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
A Label Switched Path (LSP) is the path created by MPLS nodes that use labels to forward packets across the network. A label is a short identifier that is attached to each packet and indicates the next hop or destination of the packet. The nodes use a label forwarding table to switch packets based on their labels, without inspecting the packet headers. This can improve the performance, security, and quality of service of the network. An LSP can be established by using GMPLS protocols such as OSPF-TE and RSVP-TE, which exchange information about the network topology, resources, and constraints. References : Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia, GMPLS - Nokia
NEW QUESTION # 24
What is Tunnel Property Heritage?
- A. The hierarchy tunnels cannot be nested unless they share the same properties.
- B. A restored tunnel inherits the ODUk flows.
- C. Cost, SRLG, and Color properties are propagated from HO to LO LSPs.
- D. Maximum allowed bandwith is propagated from HO to LO LSPs.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
Tunnel Property Heritage is a feature of GMRE that allows the propagation of certain properties from higher order (HO) LSPs to lower order (LO) LSPs in a multi-layer network. These properties include cost, SRLG, and color. Cost is a metric that reflects the preference of using a certain link or path for routing. SRLG is a set of links that share a common risk of failure. Color is an attribute that can be used to group or filter LSPs based on service classes or customer profiles. By propagating these properties from HO to LO LSPs, GMRE can ensure that the end-to-end LSPs are consistent and optimal across different layers34. References:
* 3: Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia
* 4: GMPLS - Nokia
NEW QUESTION # 25
How can you modify the SNC Nominal Route in NFM-T?
- A. By using the Constraint Wizard to modify the constraints
- B. By changing the SRG constraints
- C. By using the Reroute Wizard to modify the constraints
- D. By putting the LSP in Test mode and moving traffic
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The SNC Nominal Route is the default or preferred route that is assigned to an LSP when it is created. The SNC Nominal Route is determined by the constraints that are specified by the user during the LSP creation process, such as cost, SRLG, color, bandwidth, protection, and regeneration. The user can modify the SNC Nominal Route in NFM-T by using the Constraint Wizard, which is a tool that allows the user to change the constraints for an existing LSP. The Constraint Wizard will then compute a new SNC Nominal Route based on the modified constraints and update the LSP accordingly34. References:
* 3: Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia
* 4: Nokia Network Functions Manager for Transport User Guide | Nokia
NEW QUESTION # 26
Which categories of protocols are included in the GMPLS technology?
- A. Signaling, routing, and forwarding
- B. Link management, signaling, and switching
- C. Routing, grooming, and signaling
- D. Routing, signaling, and link management
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
The GMPLS technology includes three categories of protocols: routing, signaling, and link management.
Routing protocols are used to exchange information about the network topology, resources, and constraints among the nodes. Signaling protocols are used to establish, modify, and release Label Switched Paths (LSPs) across the network. Link management protocols are used to verify the connectivity and status of the links between adjacent nodes. References : Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia, 3. GMPLS
- Nokia
NEW QUESTION # 27
Which of the following statements about the Wait for Server Restoration (WSR) parameter in the MRN is correct?
- A. When WSR is true, the LO channels do not wait for the LI services to restore.
- B. When WSR is true, the LO optical channel remains in the link until the failure is fixed.
- C. When WSR is false, if the failed optical channel can be restored at LO, the data traffic stays in the tunnel.
- D. When WSR is false, the LI services do not wait for the LO restoration and restore through LI switching.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
The Wait for Server Restoration (WSR) parameter in the MRN is a boolean parameter that determines whether an LI service should wait for the LO restoration or not in case of a failure.When WSR is false, the LI services do not wait for the LO restoration and restore through LI switching. This means that if an LO optical channel fails, the LI services that use that channel will switch to another available optical channel at LI layer without waiting for the LO layer to restore the failed channel. This option provides faster restoration time for LI services, but may result in suboptimal resource utilization at LO layer. When WSR is true, the LI services wait for the LO restoration and do not switch at LI layer. This means that if an LO optical channel fails, the LI services that use that channel will remain in that channel until the LO layer restores it or until a timeout occurs.
This option provides optimal resource utilization at LO layer, but may result in longer restoration time for LI services. References : Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia, 3. GMPLS - Nokia
NEW QUESTION # 28
What is the definition of Constrained Shortest Path First (CSPF)?
- A. It is the 5FP algorithm applied after pruning links that do not meet the specified constraints.
- B. It is the SPF algorithm applied for low latency LSPs.
- C. It is a combination between OSPF-TE and RSVP-TE.
- D. It is the SPF algorithm applied to low bandwidth LSPs.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
Constrained Shortest Path First (CSPF) is an extension of the shortest path first (SPF) algorithm that is used to find the best path for a Label Switched Path (LSP) in a GMPLS network. CSPF takes into account additional constraints such as bandwidth, latency, priority, or node or link inclusion or exclusion. CSPF works by pruning those links that do not meet the specified constraints and then applying the SPF algorithm to the remaining links. This way, CSPF can find a path that satisfies both the shortest distance and the constraints. References : Constrained Shortest Path First - Wikipedia, Constrained Shortest Path First (CSPF) - Metaswitch
NEW QUESTION # 29
What is the purpose of the Upstream Label Object in RSVP-TE?
- A. It indicates the LSP flow direction.
- B. It signals resource reservation information to upstream nodes.
- C. It allows for a label to be suggested to provision bidirectional LSPs.
- D. It allows a node to restrict the labels that may be used downstream.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
The Upstream Label Object in RSVP-TE is an optional object that allows a node to suggest a label to its upstream neighbor for the purpose of provisioning bidirectional LSPs. The upstream label object is carried in the Resv message and contains the label value that the node wants to use for receiving traffic from its upstream neighbor. The upstream neighbor can accept or reject the suggested label based on its local policy and resource availability. The upstream label object simplifies the label allocation process for bidirectional LSPs and avoids the need for additional signaling messages. References : RSVP-TE - Hewlett Packard Enterprise, RSVP - Nokia
NEW QUESTION # 30
What is the GMRE node address?
- A. The OSPF-TE broadcast IP used to flood the link adjacency information
- B. The IP address for communication between NEs
- C. The LMP Control Channel ID. This field contains the IPv4 address of the ingress LER as a global unique identifier
- D. An IP address for CORBA communication with the NMS
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
The GMRE node address is the IP address for communication between network elements (NEs) in a GMPLS-controlled optical network. The GMRE node address is also known as the GMRE loopback address or the GMPLS node IP. It is used by GMPLS protocols such as LMP and RSVP to identify and communicate with other GMRE nodes. The GMRE node address is configured on each NE and is advertised by OSPF-TE to other nodes in the same area. References : Nokia 1830 PSS-4, PSS-8, PSS-16 and PSS-32 Platforms - NATO, 1830 PSS Identifiers
NEW QUESTION # 31
What is the Link Maintenance window?
- A. A centralized alarm manager
- B. A wizard with commands to set links and nodes to maintenance
- C. A centralized view of the TE-link for the operator
- D. A wizard for modifying TE-link attributes
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
The Link Maintenance window is a feature of NFM-T that allows the user to perform maintenance tasks on links and nodes in a GMPLS network. The Link Maintenance window is a wizard that provides commands to set links and nodes to maintenance mode, which prevents them from being used for routing new LSPs or carrying traffic. The user can also use the Link Maintenance window to reroute existing LSPs away from the links and nodes that are in maintenance mode, either manually or automatically. The Link Maintenance window helps the user to perform network maintenance operations without disrupting the service availability or quality12. References:
* 1: Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia
* 2: Nokia Network Functions Manager for Transport User Guide | Nokia
NEW QUESTION # 32
How is the GMRE functionality guaranteed in Nokia equipment?
- A. Rack redundancy guarantees GMRE functionality in case of a power outage
- B. Controller redundancy guarantees GMRE functionality
- C. Redundant LAN cables guarantee GMRE functionality
- D. The specific software configuration guarantees GMRE functionality
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
The GMRE functionality is guaranteed in Nokia equipment by controller redundancy. The controller is the hardware component that runs the GMPLS software and controls the switching fabric of the node. Each node has two controllers, one active and one standby, that synchronize their states and databases. If the active controller fails, the standby controller takes over and ensures the continuity of the GMRE functionality. References : Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia, 1830 Photonic Service Switch (PSS) | Nokia
NEW QUESTION # 33
Which of the following best describes Quality of Service in GMPLS?
- A. The amount of information that is possible to store in the Traffic Engineering Database (TED)
- B. The ability to set constraints such as latency and priority for different kinds of services
- C. The possibility to have L0 and L1 switching treated with the same quality level in the same network
- D. The ability to switch back to the nominal route after a failure is repaired without impacting existing traffic
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
Quality of Service (QoS) in GMPLS is the ability to set constraints such as latency and priority for different kinds of services. This means that GMPLS can allocate network resources according to the specific requirements of each service, such as voice, video, or data. For example, a voice service may need low latency and high priority, while a data service may need high bandwidth and low priority. GMPLS can use Traffic Engineering (TE) extensions to OSPF and RSVP protocols to advertise and reserve network resources based on QoS parameters. References : [Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia], [Quality of Service - Nokia]
NEW QUESTION # 34
Which of the following best describes the Soft Shutting Down state in the NFM-T?
- A. An administrative maintenance state where services stay up but no new traffic can be routed over the TE-link
- B. A soft synchronization state where new traffic is not allowed
- C. An automatic shutdown of a TE-link and all of the LSPs in the TE-link
- D. A transient state where current SNCs are soft-rerouted away from the TE-link
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The Soft Shutting Down state in the NFM-T is an administrative maintenance state where services stay up but no new traffic can be routed over the TE-link. This state is used to prepare a TE-link for maintenance or decommissioning without affecting the existing services. The NFM-T sets the TE-link to Soft Shutting Down state by sending a Notify message with the Administrative State Change flag to the head-end node of the TE-link. The head-end node then stops accepting new LSP requests over the TE-link and sends a PathErr message with the Administrative State Change flag to all the tail-end nodes of the LSPs in the TE-link. The tail-end nodes then stop sending new traffic over the LSPs and send a ResvErr message with the Administrative State Change flag to all the intermediate nodes of the LSPs. The intermediate nodes then update their routing tables and stop forwarding new traffic over the LSPs. The existing traffic, however, continues to flow over the LSPs until they are manually deleted or rerouted by the NFM-T. References : Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia, Nokia Advanced Optical Network Management with NFM-T Course | Nokia
NEW QUESTION # 35
Which label is swapped in an MPLS label stack at an intermediate node?
- A. The label with the lowest value
- B. The label on the top
- C. The label with the highest value
- D. The label on the bottom
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
The label on the top of the MPLS label stack is swapped at an intermediate node. This is because the top label is the one that is visible to the node and determines the forwarding decision. The node looks up the top label in its label forwarding table and swaps it with a new label that corresponds to the next hop or destination. The node then forwards the packet to the next node, which repeats the same process. The bottom label is only used to indicate the end of the label stack and is not swapped. References : [Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia], [MPLS Label Stack - Nokia]
NEW QUESTION # 36
A network with ROADM GMPLS nodes and optical transponder connections could have:
- A. No restoration capabilities
- B. L1 restoration capabilities
- C. L0 and LI restoration capabilities
- D. L0 restoration capabilities
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
A network with ROADM GMPLS nodes and optical transponder connections could have both L0 and L1 restoration capabilities. L0 restoration refers to the ability of the network to recover from failures at the optical layer, such as fiber cuts or node failures, by rerouting the affected LSPs to alternative paths at the same layer.
L0 restoration can be achieved by using GMPLS signaling protocols, such as RSVP-TE or CR-LDP, to establish backup LSPs in advance or on demand. L0 restoration can provide fast recovery times and high availability for optical services34. L1 restoration refers to the ability of the network to recover from failures at the sub-wavelength layer, such as transponder failures or wavelength unavailability, by rerouting the affected LSPs to alternative paths at a higher layer. L1 restoration can be achieved by using GMPLS routing protocols, such as OSPF-TE or ISIS-TE, to advertise the sub-wavelength information and availability to other nodes in the network. L1 restoration can provide more flexibility and efficiency for sub-wavelength services56.
References:
* 3: GMPLS - Nokia
* 4: Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching - Wikipedia
* 5: Sub-Wavelength Switching - Nokia
* 6: Sub-Wavelength Switching in Optical Networks - IEEE Xplore
NEW QUESTION # 37
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The Nokia GMPLS-Controlled Optical Networks certification is ideal for individuals who want to enhance their skills and knowledge in optical networks and GMPLS protocols. It is also suitable for those who are working in the telecommunication industry and want to improve their career prospects. Upon passing the Nokia 4A0-220 exam, candidates will be certified as Nokia GMPLS-Controlled Optical Networks experts, which can help them stand out in the job market and increase their earning potential.
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